CLASS 10TH ELECTRICY

Electricity Class 10 Notes

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Introduction

Electricity is the flow of electric charge. It plays a vital role in our daily lives, powering various devices and appliances.

Current

Electric Current: The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. It is measured in Amperes (A).

Potential Difference

Potential Difference (Voltage): The difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit. It is measured in Volts (V).

• Volt Definition: One volt is defined as the potential difference across a conductor when one ampere of current produces a power of one watt.
• Voltmeter: A device used to measure voltage in a circuit.

Symbols of Some Commonly Used Components in a Circuit

• Resistor: Represents a component that resists the flow of current.
• Battery: Represents a voltage source providing electrical energy.
• Switch: Represents a device used to open or close a circuit.
• Light Bulb: Represents a load that converts electrical energy into light energy.

Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law: States that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant.

• Mathematical Expression: \( V = IR \), where \( V \) is the voltage, \( I \) is the current, and \( R \) is the resistance.
• V-I Graph for Ohm's Law: In an ohmic conductor, the graph of voltage against current is a straight line, passing through the origin.